MODERN DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS OF NEPHROPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Currently, proteinuria, serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate are considered markers of kidney damage. In chronic kidney disease, these markers reveal an already late stage of kidney damage, when drug therapy is not always effective and the process of kidney damage is not reversible. Therefore, in recent years, much attention has been paid to the search for the so-called biomarkers of acute and chronic renal damage, which allow early detection of pathological changes in the kidneys and determine their nature, differentiate damage to different parts of the nephron, accurately determine the stage of the process, assess the severity of inflammation and the intensity of fibrogenesis. Among the new markers that are increasingly being explored, type IV collagen, cystatin C, and aldosterone are of the greatest importance. This review briefly reviews the latest major studies in this area.