ASSESSMENT AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF THE BUCCALE EPITHELIUM AND ORAL CAVITY HEALTH IN PERSONS HAVING TO SMOK TOBACCO

Abstract

Based on the data of a comprehensive oral health examination in 21 respondents aged 21 to 26 years, the results were analyzed and conclusions were drawn about the effect of different types of smoking on dental health. The respondents were initially divided into 3 groups of 7: nonsmokers, e-cigarette smokers, and tobacco cigarette smokers. All patients were free of chronic and infectious diseases at the time of examination, taking medications at the time of examination was excluded. Comprehensive assessment of the state of the oral cavity included: monitoring the state of buccal epithelium, assessment of dental indices (Green-Vermillion index (Green, Vermillion, 1964), Muellman bleeding index (modified by Cowell) and papillary-marginal-alveolar (PMA) index), ph-metry , determination of calcium content in oral fluid. The study revealed that smoking both tobacco and electronic cigarettes increases the risk of developing various pathological changes in the oral epithelium, disrupting its normal keratinization regardless of the means of smoking. It is worth specifying that reduction of reactivity of cellular elements entails inhibition of protective properties of mucosal epitheliocytes. Values of the Green-Vermillion index (Green, Vermillion, 1964), the Muellman bleeding index (modified by Cowell) and the papillary-marginal-alveolar (PMA) index also speak about the worsening of oral hygiene and periodontal condition in respondents who smoke tobacco and electronic cigarettes. Tobacco smoking is more detrimental, as indicated by elevated pH=8.098±0.001 and oral calcium ion concentrations of 2.7±0.001 mmol/L after smoking. The data obtained increase the fund of knowledge about the effect of different types of smoking on human oral health and can be used both in metanalytical studies and in informational anti-smoking.