THE ROLE OF ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION AND FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF FOLLICULAR THYROID CANCER (DATA FROM RSSPMC OF ENDOCRINOLOGY NAMED AFTER ACADEMICIAN Y.KH. TURAKULOV)

Abstract

Follicular thyroid cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that presents significant challenges for diagnosis at the preoperative stage. Ultrasound examination (US) is the primary non-invasive imaging method used for the initial assessment of thyroid nodules. It provides valuable information about nodule structure, size, vascularity, and potential signs of malignancy. However, despite its high diagnostic value, ultrasound alone is not always sufficient to reliably differentiate between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. In this context, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) plays a crucial complementary role. Nevertheless, even cytological analysis often fails to provide a definitive diagnosis, as the key criterion for malignancy—capsular and vascular invasion—can only be confirmed through histological examination. This study evaluates the diagnostic value of ultrasound and FNAB, their combined role in the comprehensive assessment of thyroid nodules, and specific approaches to suspected follicular carcinoma.