THE INFLUENCE OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS ON INSULIN RESISTANCE

Abstract

The hypothalamus, as a central regulator of energy balance, glucose metabolism, and neuroendocrine function, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Recent studies have highlighted that hypothalamic dysfunction — resulting from chronic inflammation, altered neuronal signaling, and disruptions in energy-sensing pathways — can profoundly impair insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. This paper explores the mechanisms through which hypothalamic nuclei, neuropeptides, and signaling molecules modulate insulin action, emphasizing the interplay between the central nervous system and metabolic homeostasis. Understanding these processes provides new insight into the neuroendocrine regulation of insulin resistance and opens potential avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.