COGNITIVE DIRECTIONS IN LINGUISTICS

Abstract

Cognitive linguistics is a field in linguistics that explores the problems of the relationship between language and consciousness, the role of language in the conceptualization and categorization of the world, in cognitive processes and generalization of human experience, the connection of individual cognitive abilities of a person with language and the forms of their interaction. Communicative linguistics is a direction in modern linguistics that considers speech acts (statement, request, question, etc.) as a unit of communication, the communicative significance of the structural elements of which (words, phrases, sentences) is manifested in a coherent text (discourse). It is used for linguistic substantiation of modern teaching methods . The name of the new discipline and its basic concept - "cognition" - go back to the English cognition "cognition". Structural and transformational-generative directions in linguistics, which did not give the expected results in increasing the practical level of proficiency in a non-native language.  Cognitive linguistics is one of the new cognitive sciences, the object of study of which is the nature and essence of knowledge and cognition, the results of the perception of reality and human cognitive activity, accumulated in the form of meaningful and brought into a certain system of information.