TREM-1 AS AN EMERGING BIOMARKER IN BREAST CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) has recently emerged as a potential biomarker in breast cancer, with growing evidence implicating its role in tumor progression, immune modulation, and clinical outcomes. Despite its recognized involvement in inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, the mechanistic and prognostic significance of TREM-1 in breast cancer remains poorly understood, necessitating a comprehensive synthesis of existing literature. This systematic review aims to consolidate current knowledge on TREM-1’s expression patterns, functional mechanisms, and clinical relevance in breast cancer while exploring its interplay with tumor-associated macrophages, the tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy resistance.